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TA3020 STEREO 300W (4) CLASS-T DIGITAL AUDIO AMPLIFIER DRIVER USING DIGITAL POWER PROCESSING (DPP T M ) TECHNOLOGY
Technical Information Revision 3.0 - September 2003
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TA3020 is a two-channel, 300W (4) per channel Amplifier Driver IC that uses Tripath's proprietary Digital Power Processing (DPPTM) technology. Class-T amplifiers offer both the audio fidelity of Class-AB and the power efficiency of Class-D amplifiers.
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
Audio/Video Amplifiers & Receivers Pro-audio Amplifiers Automobile Power Amplifiers Subwoofer Amplifiers
BENEFITS
Reduced system cost with smaller/less expensive power supply and heat sink Signal fidelity equal to high quality ClassAB amplifiers High dynamic range compatible with digital media such as CD and DVD
C l a s s - T a r c h i te c tu r e Proprietary Digital Power Processing technology "Audiophile" Sound Quality 0.02% THD+N @ 50W, 8 0.03% IHF-IM @ 30W, 8 High Efficiency 95% @ 150W @ 8 90% @ 275W @ 4 Supports wide range of output power levels Up to 300W/channel (4), single-ended outputs Up to 1000W (4), bridged outputs Output over-current protection Over- and under-voltage protection Thermally Enhanced 48-pin DIP (dual-inline package)
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE
THD+N versus Output Power versus Supply Voltage RL = 4
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS BW = 22Hz - 22kHz 39V
10 5
2 1
45V
54V
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.2 0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01 1
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
500
Output Power (W)
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
SYMBOL VPP, VNN V5 VN10 TSTORE TA TJ ESDHB ESDMM Supply Voltage Positive 5 V Bias Supply Voltage at Input Pins (pins 12-16, 18, 19-26, 29-33, 37) Voltage for FET drive Storage Temperature Range Operating Free-air Temperature Range (Note 2) Junction Temperature ESD Susceptibility - Human Body Model (Note 3) All pins ESD Susceptibility - Machine Model (Note 4) All pins PARAMETER Value +/- 70 6 -0.3V to (V5+0.3V) VNN+13 -55 to 150 -40 to 85 150 2000 200 UNITS V V V C C C V V
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. See the table below for Operating Conditions. Note 2: This is a target specification. Characterization is still needed to validate this temperature range. Note 3: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5K resistor. Note 4: Machine model, 220pF - 240pF discharged through all pins.
Operating Conditions (Note 5)
SYMBOL VPP, VNN V5 VN10 Supply Voltage Positive 5 V Bias Supply Voltage for FET drive (Volts above VNN) PARAMETER MIN. +/- 15 4.5 9 TYP. +/-45 5 10 MAX. +/- 65 5.5 12 UNITS V V V
Note 5: Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions for which the device is functional. See Electrical Characteristics for guaranteed specific performance limits.
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Electrical Characteristics (Note 6)
TA = 25 C. See Application/Test Circuit on page 7. Unless otherwise noted, the supply voltage is VPP=|VNN|=45V.
SYMBOL Iq PARAMETER Quiescent Current (No load, BBM0=1,BBM1=0, Mute = 0V) Mute Supply Current (No load, Mute = 5V) High-level input voltage (MUTE) Low-level input voltage (MUTE) High-level output voltage (HMUTE) IOH = 3mA Low-level output voltage (HMUTE) Output Offset Voltage Over Current Sense Voltage Threshold VPPSENSE Threshold Currents IOL = 3mA No Load, MUTE = Logic low 0.1% RFBA, RFBB, RFBC resistors TBD Over-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn on (muted) Over-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn off (mute off) Under-voltage turn on (muted) -750 0.85 138 62 57.6 25.9 152 65 -59.0 -25.2 .97 162 154 79 72 68.4 65.0 33.3 30.4 174 169 86 77 -68.2 -66.2 -33.7 -30.2 4.0 0.5 750 1.09 178 87 75.8 37.1 191 95 -75.6 -37.6 CONDITIONS VPP = +45V VNN = -45V V5 = 5V VN10 = 10V VPP = +45V VNN = -45V V5 = 5V VN10 = 10V 3.5 1.0 MIN. TYP. 90 90 45 200 1 1 20 1 MAX. UNITS mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA V V V V mV V A A A A V V V V A A A A V V V V
60 250 25
IMUTE
VIH VIL VOH VOL VOFFSET IOC IVPPSENSE
VVPPSENSE Threshold Voltages with RVPPSENSE = 422K (Note 7,8) IVNNSENSE VNNSENSE Threshold Currents
VVNNSENSE Threshold Voltages with RVNNSENSE = 392K (Note 7,8)
Note 6: Minimum and maximum limits are guaranteed but may not be 100% tested. Note 7: These supply voltages are calculated using the IVPPSENSE and IVNNSENSE values shown in the Electrical Characteristics table. The typical voltage values shown are calculated using a RVPPSENSE and RVNNSENSE value of 422kohm without any tolerance variation. The minimum and maximum voltage limits shown include either a +1% or -1% (+1% for Over-voltage turn on and Under-voltage turn off, -1% for Over-voltage turn off and Under-voltage turn on) variation of RVPPSENSE or RVNNSENSE off the nominal 422kohm and 392kohm values. These voltage specifications are examples to show both typical and worst case voltage ranges for a given RVPPSENSE and RVNNSENSE resistor values of 422kohm and 392kohm. Please refer to the Application Information section for a more detailed description of how to calculate the over and under voltage
trip voltages for a given resistor value.
Note 8: The fact that the over-voltage turn on specifications exceed the absolute maximum of +/-70V for the TA3020 does not imply that the part will work at these elevated supply voltages. It also does not imply that the TA3020 is tested or guaranteed at these supply voltages. The supply voltages are simply a calculation based on the process spread of the IVPPSENSE and IVNNSENSE currents (see note 7). The supply voltage must be maintained below the absolute maximum of +/-70V or permanent damage to the TA3020 may occur.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Performance Characteristics - Single Ended
TA = 25 C. Unless otherwise noted, the supply voltage is VPP=|VNN|=45V, the input frequency is 1kHz and the measurement bandwidth is 20kHz. See Application/Test Circuit.
SYMBOL POUT PARAMETER Output Power (continuous RMS/Channel) CONDITIONS THD+N = 0.1%, RL = 8 RL = 4 THD+N = 1%, RL = 8 RL = 4 POUT = 50W/Channel, RL = 8 19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 (IHF), RL = 8 POUT = 30W/Channel A Weighted, RL = 4, POUT = 275W/Channel 0dBr = 30W, RL = 8, f = 1kHz POUT = 150W/Channel, RL = 8 POUT = 10W/Channel, RL = 4 See Application / Test Circuit POUT = 10W/Channel, RL = 4 See Application / Test Circuit A Weighted, no signal, input shorted, DC offset nulled to zero MIN. TYP. 100 190 120 220 0.02 0.03 102 97 95 10.7 0.5 260 MAX. UNITS W W W W % % dB dB % V/V dB V
THD + N IHF-IM SNR CS AV AVERROR eNOUT
Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise IHF Intermodulation Distortion Signal-to-Noise Ratio Channel Separation Power Efficiency Amplifier Gain Channel to Channel Gain Error Output Noise Voltage
TA3020 Pinout
48-pin Dip (Top View)
VN10 LO2 LO2COM HO2COM HO2 OCS2LN OCS2LP OCS2HP OCS2HN VBOOT2 NC OCR2 FBKOUT1 FBKGND1 HMUTE FBKOUT2 DCOMP FBKGND2 BIASCAP INV2 OAOUT2 BBM0 BBM1 MUTE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 LO1 LO1COM HO1COM HO1 OCS1HN OCS1HP OCS1LP OCS1LN VBOOT1 VNN NC OCR1 NC V5 AGND OCR1 REF OCR2 VNNSENSE VPPSENSE AGND V5 OAOUT1 INV1
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Pin Description
Pin 1 2,48 3,47 4,46 5,45 6, 7 8, 9 10, 40 12, 31 13, 16 14, 18 15 17 19 20, 25 21, 26 22, 23 24 27, 35 28,34 29 30 32 33, 37 39 41, 42 43, 44 11, 36, 38 Function VN10 LO2, LO1 LO2COM, LO1COM HO2COM, HO1COM HO2, HO1 OCS2LN, OCS2LP OCS2HP, OCS2HN VBOOT2, VBOOT1 OCR2 FBKOUT1, FBKOUT2 FBKGND1, FBKGND2 HMUTE DCOMP BIASCAP INV2, INV1 OAOUT2, OAOUT1 BBM0, BBM1 MUTE V5 AGND VPPSENSE VNNSENSE REF OCR1 VNN OCS1LN, OCS1LP OCS1HP, OCS1HN NC Description "Floating" supply input for the FET drive circuitry. This voltage must be stable and referenced to VNN. Low side gate drive output (Channel 2 & 1) Kelvin connection to source of low-side transistor (Channel 2 & 1) Kelvin connection to source of high-side transistor (Channel 2 & 1) High side gate drive output (Channel 2 & 1) Over Current Sense inputs, Channel 2 low-side Over Current Sense inputs, Channel 2 high-side Bootstrapped voltage to supply drive to gate of high-side FET (Channel 2 & 1) Over-current threshold adjustment (Channel 2) Switching feedback (Channels 1 & 2) Ground Kelvin feedback (Channels 1 & 2) Logic Output. A logic high indicates both amplifiers are muted, due to the mute pin state, or a "fault" such as an overcurrent, undervoltage, or overvoltage condition. Internal mode selection. This pin must be grounded for proper device operation. Bandgap reference times two (typically 2.5VDC). Used to set the common mode voltage for the input op amps. This pin is not capable of driving external circuitry. Inverting inputs of Input Stage op amps. (Channels 2 & 1) Outputs of Input Stage op amps. (Channels 2 & 1) Break-before-make timing control to prevent shoot-through in the output FETs. Logic input. A logic high puts the amplifier in mute mode. Ground pin if not used. Please refer to the section, Mute Control, in the Application Information. 5V power supply input. Analog ground. Positive supply voltage sense input. This pin is used for both over and under voltage sensing for the VPP supply. Negative supply voltage sense input. This pin is used for both over and under voltage sensing for the VNN supply. Used to set internal bias currents. The pin voltage is typically 1.1V. Over-current threshold adjustment (Channel 1) Negative supply voltage. Over Current Sense inputs, Channel 1 low-side Over Current Sense inputs, Channel 1 high-side Not connected (bonded) internally. To minimize coupling between pins, tie these pins to AGND (pin34).
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Application/Test Circuit
TA 3020
43 OCS1HP
RS 0.01 , 1W DG MUR120 QO R G 5.6 , 1W D G MUR120 QO CS 0.1uF D B MUR120 V N10 R B 250 D O MUR120 C HB R 0.1uF R SN 16 , 1W CHB R 33uF
+ +
OA OUT1 CI 3.3uF + RF 20K RI 49.9K V 5 (Pin 27) R OFA 10K Of f s et Trim Circ uit ROFB 499K COF 0.1uF A GND (Pin 28)
26
44 OCS1HN 40 V BOOT1
DS MUR120
V PP CS 330uF
INV 1 25 R OFB 499K
V5
+
45 HO1 46 HO1COM Proces s ing & Modulation
V N10 DS MUR120
CB 0.1uF LO 10uH
+
C B A UX 47uF
A GND
RL 4 or 8 RZ 20 , 2W CZ 0.22uF
48 LO1 47 LO1COM 42 OCS1LP
R G 5.6 , 1W
CO 0.22uF
C SN 220pF
D O MUR120 RS 0.01 , 1W CS 0.1uF V NN CS 330uF
2.5V CA 0.1uF 200K BIA SCA P
41 OCS1LN 37 OCR1 33 OCR1
C OCR 220pF A GND (Pin 28) 13 FBKOUT1 14 FBKGND1 C FB 150pF
(Pin 28) V5 5V MUTE
R OCR 20K
RFB A 1K
R FB A 1K *R FB C 13.3K
24
*R FB B 1.07K
*R FB B 1.07K
*R FB C 13.3K
(Pin 28) R RE F 8.25K , 1%
15 HMUTE
A GND (Pin 28)
REF1
32
(Pin 28) CI 3.3uF +
OA OUT2 RF 20K
21
V5
8 OCS2HP
RS 0.01 , 1W D G MUR120 QO R G 5.6 , 1W D G MUR120 QO CS 0.1uF DB MUR120 V N10 RB 250 D O MUR120 CHB R 0.1uF R SN 16 , 1W C HB R 33uF
+ +
INV 2 20 R OFB 499K
9 OCS2HN 10 V BOOT2
D S MUR120
+
RI 49.9K V 5 (Pin 27) R OFA 10K Of f s et Trim Circ uit R OFB 499K
A GND
5 HO2 4 HO2COM
CB 0.1uF LO 10uH
+
C OF 0.1uF A GND (Pin 28) BBM0 BBM1 DCOMP
Proces s ing & Modulation 22 23 17 27
V N10
D S MUR120
2 LO2 3 LO2COM 7 OCS2LP 6 OCS2LN 12 OCR2 31 OCR2
COCR 220pF A GND (Pin 28) R OCR 20K RS 0.01 , 1W RG 5.6 , 1W
CO 0.22uF
C SN 220pF
D O MUR120
5V
V5
V 5 (Pin 27) R FB A 1K RFB A 1K
CS 0.1uF
+
CS 0.1uF
28
A GND
35
CS 0.1uF *R V NN1 392K , 1% V NN *R V P P 1 422K , 1% V PP *R V NN2 V5 *R V P P 1 422K , 1% V5 1.35M , 1%
16 FBKOUT2 18 FBKGND2
V5 C FB 150pF V N10 1 *R FB B 1.07K
*RFB C 13.3K
34
*R FB C 13.3K
A GND V N10 CSW 0.1uF,35V V NN V NN
30 V NNSENSE 29 V PPSENSE
A GND (Pin 28)
V NN 39 NC 38
11
NC
NC 36
F. BEA D
A nalog Ground Pow er Ground
* The v alues of thes e c omponents mus t be adjusted bas ed on s upply v oltage range. See A pplic ation Inf ormation.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
+
19
V 5 (Pin 27)
V PP CS 330uF
C B A UX 47uF
RL 4 or 8 RZ 20 , 2W CZ 0.22uF
V NN CS 330uF
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External Components Description (Refer to the Application/Test Circuit)
Components RI RF CI RFBA RFBB Description Inverting input resistance to provide AC gain in conjunction with RF. This input is biased at the BIASCAP voltage (approximately 2.5VDC). Feedback resistor to set AC gain in conjunction with RI. Please refer to the Amplifier Gain paragraph, in the Application Information section. AC input coupling capacitor which, in conjunction with RI, forms a highpass filter at fC = 1 (2RICI ) . Feedback divider resistor connected to V5. This resistor is normally set at 1k. Feedback divider resistor connected to AGND. This value of this resistor depends on the supply voltage setting and helps set the TA3020 gain in conjunction with RI, RF, RFBA, and RFBC. Please see the Modulator Feedback Design paragraphs in the Application Information Section. Feedback resistor connected from either the OUT1(OUT2) to FBKOUT1(FBKOUT2) or speaker ground to FBKGND1(FBKGND2). The value of this resistor depends on the supply voltage setting and helps set the TA3020 gain in conjunction with RI, RF, RFBA,, and RFBB. It should be noted that the resistor from OUT1(OUT2) to FBKOUT1(FBKOUT2) must have a power rating of greater than PDISS = VPP2 (2RFBC) . Please see the Modulator Feedback Design paragraphs in the Application Information Section. Feedback delay capacitor that both lowers the idle switching frequency and filters very high frequency noise from the feedback signal, which improves amplifier performance. The value of CFB should be offset between channel 1 and channel 2 so that the idle switching difference is greater than 40kHz. Please refer to the Application / Test Circuit. Potentiometer used to manually trim the DC offset on the output of the TA3020. Resistor that limits the manual DC offset trim range and allows for more precise adjustment. Bias resistor. Locate close to pin 32 and ground at pin 28. BIASCAP decoupling capacitor. Should be located close to pin 19 and grounded at pin 28. Bootstrap diode. This diode charges up the bootstrap capacitors when the output is low (at VNN) to drive the high side gate circuitry. A fast or ultra fast recovery diode is recommended for the bootstrap circuitry. In addition, the bootstrap diode must be able to sustain the entire VPP-VNN voltage. Thus, for most applications, a 150V (or greater) diode should be used. High frequency bootstrap capacitor, which filters the high side gate drive supply. This capacitor must be located as close to pin 40 (VBOOT1) or pin10 (VBOOT2) for reliable operation. The "negative" side of CB should be connected directly to the HO1COM (pin 46) or HO2COM (pin 4). Please refer to the Application / Test Circuit. Bulk bootstrap capacitor that supplements CB during "clipping" events, which result in a reduction in the average switching frequency. Bootstrap resistor that limits CBAUX charging current during TA3020 power up (bootstrap supply charging). VN10 generator filter capacitors. The high frequency capacitor (0.1uF) must be located close to pin 1 (VN10) to maximize device performance. Supply decoupling for the power supply pins. For optimum performance, these components should be located close to the TA3020 and returned to their respective ground as shown in the Application/Test Circuit. Main overvoltage and undervoltage sense resistor for the negative supply (VNN). Please refer to the Electrical Characteristics Section for the trip points as well as the hysteresis band. Also, please refer to the Over / Under-voltage Protection section in the Application Information for a detailed discussion of the internal circuit operation and external component selection. Secondary overvoltage and undervoltage sense resistor for the negative supply (VNN). This resistor accounts for the internal VNNSENSE bias of 1.25V. Nominal resistor value should be three times that of RVNN1. Please refer to the Over / UnderTA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
RFBC
CFB
ROFA ROFB RREF CA DB
CB
CBAUX RB CSW CS RVNN1
RVNN2
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RVPP1
RVPP2
RS ROCR COCR
CHBR
RG CZ RZ
LO
voltage Protection section in the Application Information for a detailed discussion of the internal circuit operation and external component selection. Main overvoltage and undervoltage sense resistor for the positive supply (VPP). Please refer to the Electrical Characteristics Section for the trip points as well as the hysteresis band. Also, please refer to the Over / Under-voltage Protection section in the Application Information for a detailed discussion of the internal circuit operation and external component selection. Secondary overvoltage and undervoltage sense resistor for the positive supply (VPP). This resistor accounts for the internal VPPSENSE bias of 2.5V. Nominal resistor value should be equal to that of RVPP1. Please refer to the Over / Undervoltage Protection section in the Application Information for a detailed discussion of the internal circuit operation and external component selection. Over-current sense resistor. Please refer to the section, Setting the Over-current Threshold, in the Application Information for a discussion of how to choose the value of RS to obtain a specific current limit trip point. Over-current "trim" resistor, which, in conjunction with RS, sets the current trip point. Please refer to the section, Setting the Over-current Threshold, in the Application Information for a discussion of how to calculate the value of ROCR. Over-current filter capacitor, which filters the overcurrent signal at the OCR pins to account for the half-wave rectified current sense circuit internal to the TA3020. A typical value for this component is 220pF. In addition, this component should be located near pin 31 or pin 33 as possible. Supply decoupling for the high current Half-bridge supply pins. These components must be located as close to the output MOSFETs as possible to minimize output ringing which causes power supply overshoot. By reducing overshoot, these capacitors maximize both the TA3020 and output MOSFET reliability. These capacitors should have good high frequency performance including low ESR and low ESL. In addition, the capacitor rating must be twice the maximum VPP voltage. Panasonic EB capacitors are ideal for the bulk storage (nominally 33uF) due to their high ripple current and high frequency design. Gate resistor, which is used to control the MOSFET rise/ fall times. This resistor serves to dampen the parasitics at the MOSFET gates, which, in turn, minimizes ringing and output overshoots. The typical power rating is 1 watt. Zobel capacitor, which in conjunction with RZ, terminates the output filter at high frequencies. Use a high quality film capacitor capable of sustaining the ripple current caused by the switching outputs. Zobel resistor, which in conjunction with CZ, terminates the output filter at high frequencies. The combination of RZ and CZ minimizes peaking of the output filter under both no load conditions or with real world loads, including loudspeakers which usually exhibit a rising impedance with increasing frequency. Depending on the program material, the power rating of RZ may need to be adjusted. The typical power rating is 2 watts. Output inductor, which in conjunction with CO, demodulates (filters) the switching waveform into an audio signal. Forms a second order filter with a cutoff frequency of f C = 1 ( 2 L O C O ) and a quality factor of Q = R L C O L O C O . Output capacitor, which, in conjunction with LO, demodulates (filters) the switching waveform into an audio signal. Forms a second order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of f C = 1 ( 2 L O C O ) and a quality factor of Q = R L C O L O C O . Use a high quality film capacitor capable of sustaining the ripple current caused by the switching outputs. Source to drain diodes. For these diodes to be effective they must be placed close to the TA3020. These diodes absorb any high frequency over/ under shoots caused by the output inductor LO during high output current conditions. An ultra fast recovery diode that can sustain the entire VPP-VNN voltage should be used. In most applications a 150V or greater diode must be used. Source to source and drain to drain diodes. A diode must be connected from the source of the high side MOSFET to the source of the low side MOSFET. Also, a diode must be connected from the drain of the high side MOSFET to the drain of the low side MOSFET. These diodes absorb any high frequency over/ under shoots
TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
CO
DS
DO
8
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RSN
CSN
DG
caused by the output inductor LO during high output current conditions. An ultra fast recovery diode that can sustain the entire VPP-VNN voltage should be used. In most applications a 150V or greater diode must be used. Output snubber resistor. This resistor forms a low pass filter with CSN with a frequency of fC = 1/(2RSNCSN). This RC filter removes any high frequency overshoots that can be present on the switching output waveform. This RC filter must be connected directly across the drain and source of the low side output MOSFET. Output snubber capacitor. This capacitor forms a low pass filter with RSN with a frequency of fC = 1/(2RSNCSN). This RC filter removes any high frequency overshoots that can be present on the switching output waveform. This RC filter must be connected directly across the drain and source of the low side output MOSFET. Gate diode, placed in parallel to the gate resistor. This diode will help discharge the parasitic capacitance at the MOSFET gates, thus decreasing the MOSFET fall time. This helps reduce shoot through current between the top side and bottom side output MOSFETs.
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Typical Performance
10 5
THD+N versus Output Power
100
Efficiency versus Output Power
RL = 8 RL = 4
2 1 0.5
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS Vs = +28V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz RL = 8 RL = 4
90 80 70
Efficiency (%)
THD+N (%)
60 50 40 30 f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS Vs =+28V THD+N = <10%
0.2 0.1 0.05
20
0.02
10
2 5 10 20 50 100 200
0.01
0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Output Power (W)
Output Power (W)
Intermodulation Performance RL = 4
19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 Pout = 40W/Channel 0dBr = 12.65Vrms Vs = +28V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
+0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 20
+0
Intermodulation Performance RL = 8
19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 Pout = 20W/Channel 0dBr = 12.65Vrms Vs =+28V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz -30
-10 -20 -40 -50
FFT (dBr)
50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k
FFT (dBr)
-60 -70 -80 -90
-100 -110 -120 20
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
Channel Separation versus Frequency
-40 -45 -50
Noise Floor
-70
Pout = 40W/Channel @ 4 Pout = 20W/Channel @ 8 VS = +28V -55 BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
-60
VS =+28V BBM = 80nS 16K FFT -80 Fs = 48kHz BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
-75
Channel Separation (dBr)
-65 -70 -75 -80 -85 -90 -95
Noise FFT (dBV)
-85 -90 -95
RL = 4
-100 -105 -110
-100 -105 -110 -115 -120 20
RL = 8
-115
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
-120 20
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
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Typical Performance
THD+N versus Frequency versus Break Before Make RL = 4
10
THD+N versus Frequency versus Break Before Make RL = 8
10
5
Pout = 40W/Channel Vs =+28V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
5
Pout = 20W/Channel Vs =+28V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
2
2
1
1
THD+N (%)
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
BBM = 120nS
0.1 0.1
BBM = 120nS
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
BBM = 80nS
50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 0.01 20 50 100 200 500 1k
BBM = 80nS
2k 5k 10k 20k
0.01 20
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10
THD+N versus Frequency versus Bandwidth RL = 4
Pout = 40W/Channel Vs =+28V BBM = 80nS
10
THD+N versus Frequency versus Bandwidth RL = 8
Pout = 20W/Channel Vs =+28V BBM = 80nS
5
5
2
2
1
1
0.5
0.5
THD+N (%)
0.2
THD+N (%)
BW = 30kHz
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
BW = 30kHz
0.02
0.02
BW = 22kHz
0.01 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 0.01 20
BW = 22kHz
50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10 5
THD+N versus Output Power versus Supply Voltage RL = 4
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS BW = 22Hz - 22kHz 23V
10 5
THD+N versus Output Power versus Supply Voltage RL = 8
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
2 1
28V
35V
2 1
23V
28V
35V
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.2 0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01 1
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.2 0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
Output Power (W)
Output Power (W)
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Typical Performance
THD+N versus Output Power
10 5
Efficiency versus Output Power
100
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS Vs = +45V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz RL = 8 RL = 4
RL = 8 RL = 4
80
2 1 0.5
Efficiency (%)
60
THD+N (%)
0.2 0.1
40
0.05
20
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS Vs = +45V THD+N <10%
0.02
0
0.01
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
500
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Output Power (W)
Intermodulation Performance RL = 4
+0
Output Power (W)
Intermodulation Performance RL = 8
+0
19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 Pout = 60W/Channel 0dBr = 15.5Vrms -20 Vs = +45V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
-10 -30 -40 -50
19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 Pout = 30W/Channel 0dBr = 15.5Vrms -20 Vs =+45V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
-10 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 20
FFT (dBr)
-60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 20
FFT (dBr)
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
Channel Separation versus Frequency
-40 -45 -50 -55 -60
Noise Floor
-70 -75 -80
Pout = 60W/Channel @ 4 Pout = 30W/Channel @ 8 VS = +45V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
VS = +/-45V BBM = 80nS 16kFFT FS = 48kHz BW = 22Hz-22kHz
Channel Separation (dBr)
-65
-85
Amplitude (dBV)
1k 2k 5k 10k 20k
-70 -75 -80 -85 -90 -95
-90 -95
RL = 4
-100 -105
-100 -105 -110 -115 -120 20
RL = 8
-110 -115 -120
50
100
200
500
20
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Typical Performance
THD+N versus Frequency versus Break Before Make RL = 4
Pout = 60W/Channel Vs =+45V BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
10
10
THD+N versus Frequency versus Break Before Make RL = 8
Pout = 30W/Channel Vs =+45V BW = 20Hz - 22kHz
5
5
2
2
1
1
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.2
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.2
0.1
BBM = 120nS
BBM = 120nS
0.1
0.05
0.05
0.02
BBM = 80nS
0.02
BBM = 80nS
0.01 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 0.01 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
THD+N versus Frequency versus Bandwidth RL = 4
10
10
THD+N versus Frequency versus Bandwidth RL = 8
Pout = 30W/Channel Vs =+45V BBM = 80nS
5
Pout = 60W/Channel Vs =+45V BBM = 80nS
5
2
2
1
1
THD+N (%)
THD+N (%)
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.1
BW = 30kHz
0.1
BW = 30kHz
0.05
0.05
0.02
BW = 22kHz
0.02
0.01 20
50
100
200
500
1k
2k
5k
10k
20k
0.01 20
BW = 22kHz
50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
10 5
THD+N versus Output Power versus Supply Voltage RL = 4
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS BW = 22Hz - 22kHz 39V
10 5
THD+N versus Output Power versus Supply Voltage RL = 8
f = 1kHz BBM = 80nS BW = 22Hz - 22kHz
2 1
45V
2
54V
1
39V
45V
54V
THD+N (%)
0.5
THD+N (%)
2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500
0.5
0.2 0.1
0.2 0.1 0.05
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.01 1
0.01
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
500
Output Power (W)
Output Power (W)
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Application Information
Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of one channel (Channel 1) of a TA3020 amplifier to assist in understanding its operation.
BBM0
22
OVER CURRENT DETECTION V5
BBM1 23 OAOUT1 26
43 OCS1HP 44 OCS1HN 40 VBOOT1 45 HO1 46 HO1COM
RG RS CS DB VN10 RB CB 0.1uF
+
VPP
CI
+
RI
RF
INV1 25
+
QO CHBR
ROFB V5 ROFA Offset Trim Circuit ROFB COF CA
BIASCAP 19
CBAUX
AGND
2.5V
Processing & Modulation
OVER CURRENT DETECTION
VN10
48 LO1 47 LO1COM 42 OCS1LP 41 OCS1LN 33,37 OCR1
COCR
RG
QO
OUTPUT FILTER
RL
RS VNN V5 ROCR RFBA RFBA RFBC CS
V5 5V
MUTE 24
REF
32
13 FBKOUT1 14 FBKGND1
CFB RFBB
RREF *RVNN1
VNN VNNSENSE VPPSENSE
RFBC RFBB
30 29
*RVPP1
VPP
OVER/ UNDER VOLTAGE DETECTION
*RVNN2
V5
15 HMUTE 1
CSW VNN
VNN 39
*RVPP1
V5 5V V5 AGND
VN10
VN10
27,35 28,34
F. BEAD
Analog Ground Power Ground
CS
VNN
Figure 1: Simplified TA3020 Amplifier TA3020 Basic Amplifier Operation The audio input signal is fed to the processor internal to the TA3020, where a switching pattern is generated. The average idle (no input) switching frequency is approximately 700kHz. With an input signal, the pattern is spread spectrum and varies between approximately 200kHz and 1.5MHz depending on input signal level and frequency. Complementary copies of the switching pattern are level-shifted by the MOSFET drivers and output from the TA3020 where they drive the gates (HO1 and LO1) of external power MOSFETs that are connected as a half bridge. The output of the half bridge is a power-amplified version of the switching pattern that switches between VPP and VNN. This signal is then low-pass filtered to obtain an amplified reproduction of the audio input signal. The processor portion of the TA3020 is operated from a 5-volt supply. In the generation of the switching patterns for the output MOSFETs, the processor inserts a "break-before-make" dead time between the turn-off of one transistor and the turn-on of the other in order to minimize shoot-through currents in the MOSFETs. The dead time can be programmed by setting the break-before-make control bits, BBM1 and BBM0. Feedback information from the output of the half-bridge is supplied to the processor via FBKOUT1. Additional feedback information to account for ground bounce is supplied via FBKGND1. The MOSFET drivers in the TA3020 are operated from voltages obtained from VN10 and LO1COM for the lowside driver, and VBOOT1 and HO1COM for the high-side driver. VN10 must be a regulated 10V above VNN. N-Channel MOSFETs are used for both the top and bottom of the half bridge. The gate resistors, RG, are used to control MOSFET slew rate and thereby minimize voltage overshoots.
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Circuit Board Layout The TA3020 is a power (high current) amplifier that operates at relatively high switching frequencies. The output of the amplifier switches between VPP and VNN at high speeds while driving large currents. This highfrequency digital signal is passed through an LC low-pass filter to recover the amplified audio signal. Since the amplifier must drive the inductive LC output filter and speaker loads, the amplifier outputs can be pulled above the supply voltage and below ground by the energy in the output inductance. To avoid subjecting the TA3020 to potentially damaging voltage stress, it is critical to have a good printed circuit board layout. It is recommended that Tripath's layout and application circuit be used for all applications and only be deviated from after careful analysis of the effects of any changes. Please refer to the TA3020 evaluation board document, EB-TA3020, available on the Tripath website, at www.tripath.com. The following components are important to place near either their associated TA3020 or output MOSFET pins. The recommendations are ranked in order of layout importance, either for proper device operation or performance considerations. The capacitors, CHBR, provide high frequency bypassing of the amplifier power supplies and will serve to reduce spikes across the supply rails. Please note that both mosfet half-bridges must be decoupled separately. In addition, the voltage rating for CHBR should be at least 150V as this capacitor is exposed to the full supply range, VPP-VNN. CFB removes very high frequency components from the amplifier feedback signals and lowers the output switching frequency by delaying the feedback signals. In addition, the value of CFB is different for channel 1 and channel 2 to keep the average switching frequency difference greater than 40kHz. This minimizes in-band audio noise. Locate these capacitors as close to their respective TA3020 pin as possible. To minimize noise pickup and minimize THD+N, RFBC should be located as close to the TA3020 as possible. Make sure that the routing of the high voltage feedback lines is kept far away from the input op amps or significant noise coupling may occur. It is best to shield the high voltage feedback lines by using a ground plane around these traces as well as the input section. CB, CSW provides high frequency bypassing for the VN10 and bootstrap supplies. Very high currents are present on these supplies.
-
-
-
In general, to enable placement as close to the TA3020, and minimize PCB parasitics, the capacitors CFB, CB and CSW should be surface mount types, located on the "solder" side of the board. Some components are not sensitive to location but are very sensitive to layout and trace routing. To maximize the damping factor and reduce distortion and noise, the modulator feedback connections should be routed directly to the pins of the output inductors. LO. Please refer to the EBTA3020This was done on the EB-TA3020 for additional information. The output filter capacitor, CO, and zobel capacitor, CZ, should be star connected with the load return. The output ground feedback signal should be taken from this star point. The modulator feedback resistors, RFBA, RFBB, and RFBC, should all be grounded and attached to 5V together. These connections will serve to minimize common mode noise via the differential feedback. Please refer to the EB-TA3020 evaluation board for more information. The feedback signals that come directly from the output inductors are high voltage and high frequency in nature. If they are routed close to the input nodes, INV1 and INV2, the high impedance inverting opamp pins will pick up noise. This coupling will result in significant background noise, especially when the input is AC coupled to ground, or an external source such as a CD player or signal generator is connected. Thus, care should be taken such that the feedback lines are not routed near any of the input section.
-
-
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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-
To minimize the possibility of any noise pickup, the trace lengths of INV1 and INV2 should be kept as short as possible. This is most easily accomplished by locating the input resistors, RI and the input stage feedback resistors, RF as close to the TA3020 as possible. In addition, the offset trim resistor, ROFB, which connects to either INV1,or INV2, should be located close to the TA3020 input section.
TA3020 Grounding Proper grounding techniques are required to maximize TA3020 functionality and performance. Parametric parameters such as THD+N, Noise Floor and Crosstalk can be adversely affected if proper grounding techniques are not implemented on the PCB layout. The following discussion highlights some recommendations about grounding both with respect to the TA3020 as well as general "audio system" design rules. The TA3020 is divided into two sections: the input section, which spans pin 12 through pin 37, and the output (high voltage) section, which spans pin 1 through pin 10 and pin 39 through pin 48. On the TA3020 evaluation board, the ground is also divided into distinct sections, one for the input and one for the output. To minimize ground loops and keep the audio noise floor as low as possible, the input and output ground must be only connected at a single point. Depending on the system design, the single point connection may be in the form of a ferrite bead or a PCB trace. The analog grounds, pin 28 and pin 34 must be connected locally at the TA3020 for proper device functionality. The ground for the V5 power supply should connect directly to pin 28. Additionally, any external input circuitry such as preamps, or active filters, should be referenced to pin 28. For the power section, Tripath has traditionally used a "star" grounding scheme. Thus, the load ground returns and the power supply decoupling traces are routed separately back to the power supply. In addition, any type of shield or chassis connection would be connected directly to the ground star located at the power supply. These precautions will both minimize audible noise and enhance the crosstalk performance of the TA3020. The TA3020 incorporates a differential feedback system to minimize the effects of ground bounce and cancel out common mode ground noise. As such, the feedback from the output ground for each channel needs to be properly sensed. This can be accomplished by connecting the output ground "sensing" trace directly to the star formed by the output ground return, output capacitor, CO, and the zobel capacitor, CZ. Refer to the Application / Test Circuit for a schematic description. TA3020 Amplifier Gain The gain of the TA3020 is the product of the input stage gain and the modulator gain. Please refer to the sections, Input Stage Design, and Modulator Feedback Design, for a complete explanation of how to determine the external component values.
A VTA3020 = A VINPUTSTAG
E
* A V MODULATOR
A VTA3020 -
R F R FBC * (R FBA + R FBB ) + 1 RI R FBA * R FBB
For example, using a TA3020 with the following external components, RI = 20k RF = 20k RFBA = 1k RFBB = 1.13k RFBC = 9.09k
AVTA3020 -
20k 13.3k * (1.0k + 1.07k ) V + 1 = - 10.71 49.9k 1.0k * 1.07k V
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Input Stage Design The TA3020 input stage is configured as an inverting amplifier, allowing the system designer flexibility in setting the input stage gain and frequency response. Figure 2 shows a typical application where the input stage is a constant gain inverting amplifier. The input stage gain should be set so that the maximum input signal level will drive the input stage output to 4Vpp. The gain of the input stage, above the low frequency high pass filter point, is that of a simple inverting amplifier:
A VINPUTSTAG
E
=-
RF RI
Figure 2: Input Stage
TA3020
OAOUT1 V5 RF AGND V5 + INV2 RF OAOUT2 AGND + INV1
CI INPUT1
RI
BIASCAP
CI INPUT2
RI
Input Capacitor Selection CIN can be calculated once a value for RIN has been determined. CIN and RIN determine the input low-frequency pole. Typically this pole is set at 10Hz. CIN is calculated according to: CIN = 1 / (2 x FP x RIN) where: RIN = Input resistor value in ohms FP = Input low frequency pole (typically 10Hz) Modulator Feedback Design The modulator converts the signal from the input stage to the high-voltage output signal. The optimum gain of the modulator is determined from the maximum allowable feedback level for the modulator and maximum supply voltages for the power stage. Depending on the maximum supply voltage, the feedback ratio will need to be adjusted to maximize performance. The values of RFBA, RFBB and RFBC (see explanation below) define the gain of the modulator. Once these values are chosen, based on the maximum supply voltage, the gain of the modulator will be fixed even with as the supply voltage fluctuates due to current draw. For the best signal-to-noise ratio and lowest distortion, the maximum modulator feedback voltage should be approximately 4Vpp. This will keep the gain of the modulator as low as possible and still allow headroom so that the feedback signal does not clip the modulator feedback stage. Figure 3 shows how the feedback from the output of the amplifier is returned to the input of the modulator. The input to the modulator (FBKOUT1/FBKGND1 for channel 1) can be viewed as inputs to an inverting differential amplifier. RFBA and RFBB bias the feedback signal to approximately 2.5V and RFBC scales the large OUT1/OUT2 signal to down to 4Vpp.
17 TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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1/2 TA3020
V5 RFBA RFBA
Processing & Modulation
FBKOUT1 FBKGND1
RFBC RFBC
OUT1 OUT 1 GROUND
RFBB
RFBB
AGND
Figure 3: Modulator Feedback The modulator feedback resistors are:
RFBA = User specified, typically 1K R FBA * VPP R FBB = (VPP - 4) R FBA * VPP R FBC = 4 R FBC * (R FBA + R FBB ) +1 A V - MODULATOR R FBA * R FBB
The above equations assume that VPP=|VNN|. For example, in a system with VPPMAX=52V and VNNMAX=-52V, RFBA = 1k, 1% RFBB = 1.08k, use 1.07k, 1% RFBC = 13.0k, use 13.3k, 1% The resultant modulator gain is:
AV
- MODULATOR
13.3k * (1.0k + 1.07k ) + 1 = 26.73V/V 1.0k * 1.07k
Mute When a logic high signal is supplied to MUTE, both amplifier channels are muted (both high- and low-side transistors are turned off). When a logic level low is supplied to MUTE, both amplifiers are fully operational. There is a delay of approximately 200 milliseconds between the de-assertion of MUTE and the un-muting of the TA3020. Turn-on & Turn-off Noise If turn-on or turn-off noise is present in a TA3020 amplifier, the cause is frequently due to other circuitry external to the TA3020. While the TA3020 has circuitry to suppress turn-on and turn-off transients, the combination of the power supply and other audio circuitry with the TA3020 in a particular application may
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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exhibit audible transients. One solution that will completely eliminate turn-on and turn-off pops and clicks is to use a relay to connect/disconnect the amplifier from the speakers with the appropriate timing at power on/off. The relay can also be used to protect the speakers from a component failure (e.g. shorted output MOSFET), which is a protection mechanism that some amplifiers have. Circuitry external to the TA3020 would need to be implemented to detect these failures. DC Offset While the DC offset voltages that appear at the speaker terminals of a TA3020 amplifier are typically small, Tripath recommends that any offsets during operation be nulled out of the amplifier with a circuit like the one shown connected to IN1 and IN2 in the Test/Application Circuit. It should be noted that the DC voltage on the output of a TA3020 amplifier with no load in mute will not be zero. This offset does not need to be nulled. The output impedance of the amplifier in mute mode is approximately 10K. This means that the DC voltage drops to essentially zero when a typical load is connected. HMUTE The HMUTE pin is a 5V logic output that indicates various fault conditions within the device. These conditions include: over-current, overvoltage and undervoltage. The HMUTE output is capable of directly driving an LED through a series 2k resistor. Over-current Protection The TA3020 has over-current protection circuitry to protect itself and the output transistors from short-circuit conditions. The TA3020 uses the voltage across a resistor RS (measured via OCS1HP, OCS1HN, OCS1LP and OCS1LN) that is in series with each output MOSFET to detect an over-current condition. RS and ROCR are used to set the over-current threshold. The OCS pins must be Kelvin connected for proper operation. See "Circuit Board Layout" in Application Information for details. When the voltage across ROCR becomes greater than VTOC (approximately 1.0V) the TA3020 will shut off the output stages of its amplifiers. The occurrence of an over-current condition is latched in the TA3020 and can be cleared by toggling the MUTE input or cycling power. Setting Over-current Threshold RS and ROCR determine the value of the over-current threshold, ISC: ISC = 3580 x (VTOC - IBIAS * ROCR)/(R OCR * RS) ROCR = (3580 x VTOC)/(ISC * RS+3580 * IBIAS) where: RS and ROCR are in VTOC = Over-current sense threshold voltage (See Electrical Characteristics Table) = 0.97V typically IBIAS = 20uA For example, to set an ISC of 30A, ROCR = 9.63K and RS will be 10m. As high-wattage resistors are usually only available in a few low-resistance values (10m, 25m and 50m), ROCR can be used to adjust for a particular over-current threshold using one of these values for RS. It should be noted that the addition of the bulk CHBR capacitor shown in the Application / Test Diagram will increase the ISC level. Thus, it will be larger than the theoretical value shown above. Once the designer has settled on a layout and specific CHBR value, the system ISC trip point can be adjusted by increasing the ROCR value. The ROCR should be increased to a level that allows expected range of loads to be driven well into clipping without current limiting while still protecting the output MOSFETs in case of a short circuit condition.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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Over- and Under-Voltage Protection The TA3020 senses the power rails through external resistor networks connected to VNNSENSE and VPPSENSE. The over- and under-voltage limits are determined by the values of the resistors in the networks, as described in the table "Test/Application Circuit Component Values". If the supply voltage falls outside the upper and lower limits determined by the resistor networks, the TA3020 shuts off the output stages of the amplifiers. The removal of the over-voltage or under-voltage condition returns the TA3020 to normal operation. Please note that trip points specified in the Electrical Characteristics table are at 25C and may change over temperature. The TA3020 has built-in over and under voltage protection for both the VPP and VNN supply rails. The nominal operating voltage will typically be chosen as the supply "center point." This allows the supply voltage to fluctuate, both above and below, the nominal supply voltage. VPPSENSE (pin 29) performs the over and undervoltage sensing for the positive supply, VPP. VNNSENSE (pin 30) performs the same function for the negative rail, VNN. When the current through RVPPSENSE (or RVNNSENSE) goes below or above the values shown in the Electrical Characteristics section (caused by changing the power supply voltage), the TA3020 will be muted. VPPSENSE is internally biased at 2.5V and VNNSENSE is biased at 1.25V. Once the supply comes back into the supply voltage operating range (as defined by the supply sense resistors), the TA3020 will automatically be unmuted and will begin to amplify. There is a hysteresis range on both the VPPSENSE and VNNSENSE pins. If the amplifier is powered up in the hysteresis band the TA3020 will be muted. Thus, the usable supply range is the difference between the over-voltage turn-off and undervoltage turn-off for both the VPP and VNN supplies. It should be noted that there is a timer of approximately 200mS with respect to the over and under voltage sensing circuit. Thus, the supply voltage must be outside of the user defined supply range for greater than 200mS for the TA3020 to be muted. Figure 4 shows the proper connection for the Over / Under voltage sense circuit for both the VPPSENSE and VNNSENSE pins.
V5 VNN
TA3020
RVNN2 RVNN1 30 V5 VPP VNNSENSE
RVNN2
RVPP1 29 VPPSENSE
Figure 4: Over / Under voltage sense circuit
The equation for calculating RVPP1 is as follows:
R VPP1 =
VPP I VPPSENSE
Set R VPP2 = R VPP1 . The equation for calculating RVNNSENSE is as follows:
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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R VNN1 =
VNN I VNNSENSE
Set R VNN2 = 3 x R VNN1 . IVPPSENSE or IVNNSENSE can be any of the currents shown in the Electrical Characteristics table for VPPSENSE and VNNSENSE, respectively. The two resistors, RVPP2 and RVNN2 compensate for the internal bias points. Thus, RVPP1 and RVNN1 can be used for the direct calculation of the actual VPP and VNN trip voltages without considering the effect of RVPP2 and RVNN2. Using the resistor values from above, the actual minimum over voltage turn off points will be:
VPP MIN_OV_TUR VNN MIN_OV_TUR
N_OFF
= R VPP1 x I VPPSENSE (MIN_OV_TU RN_OFF) N_OFF = - ( R VNN1 x I VNNSENSE (MIN_OV_TU RN_OFF) )
The other three trip points can be calculated using the same formula but inserting the appropriate IVPPSENSE (or IVNNSENSE) current value. As stated earlier, the usable supply range is the difference between the minimum overvoltage turn off and maximum under voltage turn-off for both the VPP and VNN supplies.
VPP RANGE = VPP MIN_OV_TUR N_OFF - VPP MAX_UV_TUR N_OFF VNN RANGE = VNN MIN_OV_TUR N_OFF - VNN MAX_UV_TUR N_OFF
VN10 Supply VN10 is an additional supply voltage required by the TA3020. VN10 must be 10 volts more positive than the nominal VNN. VN10 must track VNN. Generating the VN10 supply requires some care. The proper way to generate the voltage for VN10 is to use a 10V-postive supply voltage referenced to the VNN supply. Figure 5 shows the correct way to power the TA3020:
VPP V5 5V PGND VNN 10V VNN F. BEAD AGND VN10
VPP
Figure 5: Proper Power Supply Connection One apparent method to generate the VN10 supply voltage is to use a negative IC regulator to drop PGND down to 10V (relative to VNN). This method will not work since negative regulators only sink current into the regulator output and will not be capable of sourcing the current required by VN10. Furthermore, problems can arise since VN10 will not track movements in VNN. Output Transistor Selection The key parameters to consider when selecting what MOSFET to use with the TA3020 are drain-source breakdown voltage (BVdss), gate charge (Qg), and on-resistance (RDS(ON)).
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
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The BVdss rating of the MOSFET needs to be selected to accommodate the voltage swing between VSPOS and VSNEG as well as any voltage peaks caused by voltage ringing due to switching transients. With a `good' circuit board layout, a BVdss that is 50% higher than the VPP and VNN voltage swing is a reasonable starting point. The BVdss rating should be verified by measuring the actual voltages experienced by the MOSFET in the final circuit. Ideally a low Qg (total gate charge) and low RDS(ON) are desired for the best amplifier performance. Unfortunately, these are conflicting requirements since RDS(ON) is inversely proportional to Qg for a typical MOSFET. The design trade-off is one of cost versus performance. A lower RDS(ON) means lower I2RDS(ON) losses but the associated higher Qg translates into higher switching losses (losses = Qg x 10 x 1.2MHz). A lower RDS(ON) also means a larger silicon die and higher cost. A higher RDS(ON) means lower cost and lower switching losses but higher I2RDSON losses. The following table lists BVdss, Qg and RDS(ON) for MOSFETs that Tripath has used with the TA3020: Manufacturer ST Microelectronics ST Microelectronics International Rectifier International Rectifier Fairchild Gate Resistor Selection The gate resistors, RG, are used to control MOSFET switching rise/fall times and thereby minimize voltage overshoots. They also dissipate a portion of the power resulting from moving the gate charge each time the MOSFET is switched. If RG is too small, excessive heat can be generated in the driver. Large gate resistors lead to slower MOSFET switching, which requires a larger break-before-make (BBM) delay. Break-Before-Make (BBM) Timing Control The half-bridge power MOSFETs require a deadtime between when one transistor is turned off and the other is turned on (break-before-make) in order to minimize shoot through currents. BBM0 and BBM1 are logic inputs (connected to logic high or pulled down to logic low) that control the break-before-make timing of the output transistors according to the following table. BM1 0 0 1 1 BBM0 0 1 0 1 Delay 120 ns 80 ns 40 ns 0 ns Manufacturer's Part Number STW34NB20 STP19NB20 IRFB41N15D IRFB31N20D FQA34N20 BVdss 200 200 150 200 200 Qg (nanoCoulombs) 60 29 67 70 60 RDS(ON) (Max) (Ohms) 0.075 0.18 0.045 0.082 0.075
Table 1: BBM Delay
The tradeoff involved in making this setting is that as the delay is reduced, distortion levels improve but shootthrough and power dissipation increase. Both the 40nS and 0nS settings are NOT recommended due the high level of shoot-thru current that will result. Thus, BBM1 should be grounded in most applications. All typical curves and performance information was done with using the 80ns or 120ns BBM setting. The actual amount of BBM required is dependent upon other component values and circuit board layout, the value selected should be verified in the actual application circuit/board. It should also be verified under maximum temperature and power conditions since shoot-through in the output MOSFETs can increase under these conditions, possibly requiring a higher BBM setting than at room temperature.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Output Filter Design One advantage of Tripath amplifiers over PWM solutions is the ability to use higher-cutoff-frequency filters. This means load-dependent peaking/droop in the 20kHz audio band potentially caused by the filter can be made negligible. This is especially important for applications where the user may select a 4-Ohm or 8-Ohm speaker. Furthermore, speakers are not purely resistive loads and the impedance they present changes over frequency and from speaker model to speaker model. Tripath recommends designing the filter as a 2nd order, 100kHz LC filter. Tripath has obtained good results with LF = 11uH and CF = 0.22uF. The core material of the output filter inductor has an effect on the distortion levels produced by a TA3020 amplifier. Tripath recommends low-mu type-2 iron powder cores because of their low loss and high linearity (available from Micrometals, www.micrometals.com). The specific core used on the EB-TA3020 was a T106-2 wound with 29 turns of 16AWG wire. Tripath also recommends that an RC damper be used after the LC low-pass filter. No-load operation of a TA3020 amplifier can create significant peaking in the LC filter, which produces strong resonant currents that can overheat the output MOSFETs and/or other components. The RC dampens the peaking and prevents problems. Tripath has obtained good results with RD = 20 and CD = 0.22uF. Bridging the TA3020 The TA3020 can be bridged by returning the signal from OAOUT1 to the input resistor at INV2. OUT1 will then be a gained version of OAOUT1, and OUT2 will be a gained and inverted version of OAOUT1 (see Figure 6). When the two amplifier outputs are bridged, the apparent load impedance seen by each output is halved, so the current capability of the output MOSFETs, as well their power dissipation capability, must be accounted for in the design. In addition, the higher peak currents caused by driving lower impedance loads will cause additional ringing on the outputs. Thus, the layout and supply decoupling for low impedance (below 8 ohms) bridged applications must be extremely good to minimize output ringing and to ensure proper amplifier performance.
TA3020
OAOUT1 V5 CI INPUT RI RF AGND V5 20k + INV2 20k OAOUT2 AGND + BIASCAP INV1
Figure 6: Input Stage Setup for Bridging The switching outputs, OUT1 and OUT2, are not synchronized, so a common inductor may not be used with a bridged TA3020. For this same reason, individual zobel networks must be applied to each output to load each output and lower the Q of each common mode differential LC filter.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Low-frequency Power Supply Pumping A potentially troublesome phenomenon in single-ended switching amplifiers is power supply pumping. This phenomenon is caused by current from the output filter inductor flowing into the power supply output filter capacitors in the opposite direction as a DC load would drain current from them. Under certain conditions (usually low-frequency input signals), this current can cause the supply voltage to "pump" (increase in magnitude) and eventually cause over-voltage/under-voltage shut down. Moreover, since over/under-voltage are not "latched" shutdowns, the effect would be an amplifier that oscillates between on and off states. If a DC offset on the order of 0.3V is allowed to develop on the output of the amplifier (see "DC Offset Adjust"), the supplies can be boosted to the point where the amplifier's over-voltage protection triggers. One solution to the pumping issue it to use large power supply capacitors to absorb the pumped supply current without significant voltage boost. The low-frequency pole used at the input to the amplifier determines the value of the capacitor required. This works for AC signals only. A no-cost solution to the pumping problem uses the fact that music has low frequency information that is correlated in both channels (it is in phase). This information can be used to eliminate boost by putting the two channels of a TA3020 amplifier out of phase with each other. This works because each channel is pumping out of phase with the other, and the net effect is a cancellation of pumping currents in the power supply. The phase of the audio signals needs to be corrected by connecting one of the speakers in the opposite polarity as the other channel. Theoretical Efficiency Of A TA3020 Amplifier The efficiency, , of an amplifier is: = POUT/PIN The power dissipation of a TA3020 amplifier is primarily determined by the on resistance, RON, of the output transistors used, and the switching losses of these transistors, PSW. For a TA3020 amplifier, PIN (per channel) is approximated by: PIN = PDRIVER + PSW + POUT ((RS + RON + RCOIL + RL)/RL)2 where: PDRIVER = Power dissipated in the TA3020 = 1.6W/channel PSW = 2 x (0.01) x Qg (Qg is the gate charge of M, in nano-coulombs) RCOIL = Resistance of the output filter inductor (typically around 50m) For a 125W RMS per channel, 8 load amplifier using STW34NB20 MOSFETs, and an RS of 50m, PIN = PDRIVER + PSW + POUT ((RS + RON + RCOIL + RL)/RL)2 = 1.6 + 2 x (0.01) x (95) + 125 x ((0.025 + 0.11 + 0.05 + 8)/8)2 = 1.6 + 1.9 + 130.8 = 134.3W In the above calculation the RDS (ON) of 0.065 was multiplied by a factor of 1.7 to obtain RON in order to account for some temperature rise of the MOSFETs. (RDS (ON) typically increases by a factor of 1.7 for a typical MOSFET as temperature increases from 25C to 170C.) So, = POUT/PIN = 125/134.3 = 93%
Performance Measurements of a TA3020 Amplifier Tripath amplifiers operate by modulating the input signal with a high-frequency switching pattern. This signal is sent through a low-pass filter (external to the TA3020) that demodulates it to recover an amplified version of the audio input. The frequency of the switching pattern is spread spectrum and typically varies between 200kHz and 1.5MHz, which is well above the 20Hz - 22kHz audio band. The pattern itself does not alter or distort the audio input signal but it does introduce some inaudible noise components.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
The measurements of certain performance parameters, particularly those that have anything to do with noise, like THD+N, are significantly affected by the design of the low-pass filter used on the output of the TA3020 and also the bandwidth setting of the measurement instrument used. Unless the filter has a very sharp roll-off just past the audio band or the bandwidth of the measurement instrument ends there, some of the inaudible noise components introduced by the Tripath amplifier switching pattern will get integrated into the measurement, degrading it. Tripath amplifiers do not require large multi-pole filters to achieve excellent performance in listening tests, usually a more critical factor than performance measurements. Though using a multi-pole filter may remove high-frequency noise and improve THD+N type measurements (when they are made with wide-bandwidth measuring equipment), these same filters can increase distortion due to inductor non-linearity. Multi-pole filters require relatively large inductors, and inductor non-linearity increases with inductor value.
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Package Information
48-pin DIP
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03
Tr i path Technol ogy, I nc. - Techni cal I nfor m ati on
Tripath Technology Inc. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Tripath does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. Tripath and Digital Power Processing are trademarks of Tripath Technology Inc. Other trademarks referenced in this document are owned by their respective companies. TRIPATH'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF TRIPATH TECHNOLOGY INC. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in this labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Contact Information
TRIPATH TECHNOLOGY, INC 2560 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131 408.750.3000 - P 408.750.3001 - F For more Sales Information, please visit us @ www.tripath.com/cont_s.htm For more Technical Information, please visit us @ www.tripath.com/data.htm
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TA3020 - KL Rev. 3.0/09.03

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